Ottoman and Safavid

In the late Islamic period (16th -18th), perhaps even more so than in preceding periods, art was an instrument of dynastic expression in this great age of empires. Spurred by royal patronage, the arts flourished under the Ottomans and Safavids. Ottoman art was a vibrant synthesis of Turkish and Persian-Islamic, Byzantine, and Mediterranean culture and styles through conquest, through direct invitation of artisans, or through the migration of peoples.The Ottoman Turks were renowned for their architecture, as well as for their traditions of calligraphy and miniature painting. They were also renowned for their decorative arts including carpet weaving, jewelry making, paper marbling, and their characteristic Iznik ware ceramics. The Ottomans promoted themselves as the defenders of Islam, and this explains why their public art includes a rich variety of ornamental designs but no human figures. Plant- and flower-based patterns were the most common.Observing Iznik ceramics, a superficial ab straction is dominant in the naturalistic plant designs. Besides, around 16th century Ottoman Miniature Art reached its peak. The Miniatures and illuminated manuscripts were created largely for the emperors, with their focus mostly on the important and powerful figures in their retinues. A unique feature of Ottoman Miniature was that it depicted the actual events realistically, while also keeping the abstract formal expressive touch of the traditional Islamic Art.The Safavid style developed in Iran from 1500, when the country was re-united under the dynasty of this name. Unlike their Ottoman neighbors, the Safavids had no qualms about depicting human beings in all forms of art. These figures became an unusually prominent feature of the Safavid style. Depictions of elegant young men and women, often shown in outdoor settings, adorned many objects, from clothing to the bindings of manuscripts. One of the most renowned manuscripts from the period is a now-dispersed copy of the Shahnama epic.Also textiles and carpets were manufactured of luxury materials as furnishings for the court. The most famous is a pair known as the Ardabil Carpets, created in 1539-1540. The carpets were nearly identical, perfectly symmetrical and enormous. Every inch of space was filled with flowers, scrolling vines, and medallions. Although the central medallion and the repeating patterns throughout the carpet is similar to Ottoman but the Ardabil carpets have A wide range of colors than Ottoman’s which is heavily dependent on reds and blues.

Julius Caesar Essay

The author, William Shakespeare, portrays Caesar in a more favorable light compared to Plutarch. In Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, Caesar’s character sketch is that of a just, fair, patriotic, loyal and dominating leader. He is in favor of the people and always acts for their benefit. Whereas Plutarch shows Caesar as a dictator, a fearless man who does nothing but keep to his word and disregard all kinds of modern amendments. It can only be William Shakespeare, a well-known genius praised by people for decades, can do full justice to the character of the great Roman leader, Julius Caesar, in his play. Shakespeare mentions the instance where Julius Caesar goes to the senate house where all of Brutus’ confederates add their petitions to those of Tillius Cimber, in behalf of his brother who was in exile, to withdraw his banishment. They kissed Caesar’s hand and praised him but Julius Caesar like a truly just leader did not subject to that flattery and refused to comply with their requests. Another instance is where Caesar in spite of people warning him about the omens of the Ides of March, dutiful of his kingship still goes to the senate house and attends the meeting which he thought was to discuss important issues concerning the people of Rome. Both of these instances show a true king in the face of Caesar. Caesar was most definitely a model political figure. He refused the crown three times when it was awarded by the people. All his actions showed that he cared only about the people of Rome and not about his achievements. This puts all the notions about Caesar being a dictator and unjust ambitious leader, totally wrong. Caesar truthfully contributed to Rome and its people throughout his life. 1

We Create Our Own Monsters

Woods 1 Taylor Woods Mrs. Eryes Language Arts 3-4 H 16 October 2012 We Create Our Own Monsters Monsters are different for everyone. Some may think monsters are purple, hairy, one-eyed freaks. Others may think they are atrocious beasts with chain-saws and bloody faces out to kill you! But monsters don’t just have to be a literal thing that we can see and feel. Many monsters are figurative, meaning that it’s not an actual real life monster but are features and characteristics made up of our own fears.Many times the things that make a monster scary are because of the traits we give to them from our own fears. Monsters are creatures of our own imagination that help us deal with and reflect our fears and taboos.. The University of Michigan attempts to define monsters. The way they explain monsters is that they are creatures of our own imagination. James Mitchell describes monsters and says that, â€Å"Cultures create and ascribe meaning to monsters, endowing them with their characteristics derived from their most deep-seeded fears and taboos†.What Mitchell is trying to say is that monsters are made up of our own fears. We create the characteristics of the monster based on our fears and taboos. So, for example, when we are younger we are scared of a monster in our closet and under our beds. So, a monster to a young child would be a hairy, colorful creature like a monster from the movie â€Å"Monsters, Inc. †. But as we grow up we don’t fear that type of monster anymore. We overcome those worries. We are then faced with new problems and fears. For example, many teens fear not being socially accepted and people making fun of them Woods 2 nd bullying them – much like Frankenstein, not because the way he looked, but how he wasn’t accepted by anyone because peopled feared him. Monsters don’t just have to be big and scary creatures. They are also figurative just like in the books The Outsiders and Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time. In the book The Outsiders by S. E. Hilton the monster is â€Å"being alone† because in the book they fear being alone because they could be attacked by the Socs. The Socs were the â€Å"cool† and â€Å"popular† kids. They always have each other’s backs and protect one another from the Socs and everything they fear.After Ponnyboy got beat up in the beginning of the book by the Socs you can tell that they are all there for him, â€Å"Our gang had chased the Socs to their car and heaved rocks at them. † In the book The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, Christopher doesn’t like anything he can’t use logic to figure out such as metaphors, jokes, sarcasm. That’s why he even says in his book, â€Å"This will not be a funny book. I cannot tell jokes because I do not understand them. †(Haddon, 8) Christopher fears the unknown and chaos because of his autism.Christopher cannot handle it when there is chaos and people asking too many question, â€Å"He was asking me too many questions and he was asking them too quickly†¦I rolled back onto the lawn and pressed my forehead to the ground again and made the noise that Father calls groaning. † (Haddon, 7) The unknown and chaos are the monsters in this book. Figurative monsters are in all the books even the well-known monster books.. Even most of the classic monsters have figurative monsters in the stories as well. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelly you would think ‘The Monster’ would be the monster.He still is, it’s obvious, he is a massive, atrocious beast. But ‘The Monster’ actually fears being rejected. He has been rejected by so many people because all they see when they see Woods 3 him is his looks and not any of his personality. Just like when he was learning from his neighbors that he was spying on and decided to go to their house and meet them, and they immediately are frightened and do not accept ‘The Monster’ even though he was not there to harm them. He had very good intensions. When people saw him, they just assumed he was out to cause harm.In Beowulf-poet everyone fears Grendel because he wants to kill Beowulf. This makes Grendael the monster of this story. But just like any other story there is a figurative monster as well. The people in this story fear Grendel’s power to kill whoever he wants, thus making the figurative monster power. But overall, the people of this town fear themselves or loved ones being killed which makes their biggest fear, death, just like in most books. In every story, movie, poem or T. V. show there is a monster. Whether it’s just the antagonist or a classic monster, a monster is a monster.You can always find a figurative monster. What most people fear almost always ends up being the figurative monster. Just like in Frankenstein he fears being rejected, in the Outsiders the y fear being on their own and in the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time Christopher fears the unknown. In all these books they also all fear one thing in common: death. One of the biggest fears to everyone is dying which makes every monster almost have to do with death. As we know, we create our own monster, by having their characteristics come from our fears.Every monster is different and every person has a different view on monsters. Woods 4 Works Cited Haddon, Mark. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time. New York: Doubleday, 2003. Print. Hinton, S. E. The Outsiders,. New York: Viking, 1967. Print. THe Holt Reader: An Interactive Worktext. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, n. d. Print. Sixth Course. Mitchell, James. â€Å"Introductory Essay to Our Exploration of Monstrosity. † University of Michigan. N. p. , n. d. Web. Aug. 2012. . Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1831. Print.

Engineering Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering Management - Assignment Example (Marnay, 2006) Research has proved that Micro grid systems can be used to produce electricity. During the recent years, the focus of battery technologies has called for the introduction of independent micro grid systems, which appears to be realistic than the former. Research has also proved that most of the independent Micro grid is often feasible from the lightning as it does not require more voltage compared to the convectional major appliances during the past. There is the recorded upsurge in the efficiency of the PV panels as the cost decreases. Beside, the advance in battery technology has facilitated the provision of greater efficiency as it extends the life of the product being focused. It is also stated that the advanced batteries will play an important role in increasing efficiency in the Micro grid systems. There are also a number of opportunities existing to help eliminate inefficiencies in the AC-AD adapters and help in the incorporation of smart technologies, which is done through th e proper implementation of sensors into specific respective case scenarios. It is important to notice that efficiency in any given level of technology can only be advanced if the organization adopts proper and relevant technology. (Galvin ,Yeager, & Stuller, 2009) In the current times, there are numerous opportunities which are available to help in the testing on the economic viability of the specific kind of the energy system. A number of the non-industrialized world does not have any access to any given type of the electricity. There is the estimation that 79% of the persons who are living in the most of the developing countries do not have any access to electricity. Most of these people still depend on the use of natural energy especially from the sun to help in meeting of their daily needs. This has appeared to be expensive to most of them. It has been realized that even cooking and most of the industrial

Criminal Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Theories - Essay Example The difficulty in committing the crime also counts, as well as whether the rewards are worth the effort and even the best place to commit the crime, within his neighborhood or elsewhere. If the risks perceived are small, the rewards and excitement high, the criminal gains the likelihood of committing the crime again. On the other hand, if the risks outweigh the rewards, the offender foregoes the crime: if they have a good chance of apprehension, the fear of punishment or consequences, damage to their reputation and feelings of guilt or shame (Cole, Smith and DeJong 64). Other evaluations include familiarity with the target and how easy it is to commit the crime. In this theory, the criminal uses opportunistic everyday routines that involve the family such as shopping, work, leisure, and schooling. These, together with factors such as lack of a guardian, the presence of a target and the motivated criminal are the context for criminal opportunities (Siegel 71). The guardian’s presence would deter potential offenders from committing the crime for instance door staff, security guards, police patrols, neighbors, and friends. The target should be accessible and may include an expensive car, goods that can be easily moved or expensive jewelry, while the offender may be an addict, teenage boys or unemployed people. These three elements must be present within a routine activity for crime to take place (Schmalleger 182). For instance, many homes are left unguarded during the day, making them targets of crime. The possibility of a crime being committed by the motivated offender increases when there are an accessible target and the absence of a c apable guardian.

Equal and Superior Services of Restaurants Research Paper

Equal and Superior Services of Restaurants - Research Paper Example This concept of equality and superiority can easily be understood by the example of restaurants. Most of these restaurants are providing services but very few of them are capable of providing superior services with equality. People visiting restaurants are from diverse environment settings and have dissimilar needs. Thus a restaurants need to achieve the status of being superior by providing equality in outcomes of experiences of different individuals. Like:Ambiance/ decoration: People who wants to dine out definitely requires something especial to feel and eat. Efforts should be made to impress the customers by providing them relax and pleasant environment. Furnishing should be comfortable yet functional.Waiting Staff: Few things that make the first impression about the restaurant, waiters/waitresses are among them. Hiring trained staff proved to be the backbone of the restaurant business. Customers expect friendly, polite and professional treatment from the waiting staff. Healthy F ood: If customers have caloric information of the meals on the menu card or on request, it will be an additional service on behalf of the restaurant. Trying to have variety and creativity in the recipes of meal prevent customers to feel boredom from same kind of menu. Use of Advance Equipments and Technology: Restaurants should accept the credit cards to provide ease to the customer in payments. In addition, restaurants should have their own website in order to display their latest packages, new recipes.

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 - Essay Example The first one was written during the time when Israel had kings ruling Jerusalem and before their deportation to Babylon in 587 BC. The customary scholarly description for the earlier custom, which extends sporadically all through the Pentateuch, is the Yahwist or J tradition. Many scholars would date the later creation story in Genesis 1:1 2:3 to a time after 587BC and the exile to Babylon. It is also argued that it may have been written even later i.e. after the return to Judah in 539BC during the Persian period. This tradition is called as the priestly tradition or the P tradition. There are lots of difference between the Y tradition and the P tradition (Shelley) The two chapters of Genesis fulfil every aspect of a Myth, or a kind of Myth conclusion. There are two accounts of creation in the genesis and they surely contradict each other. It is absolutely old and deals with a paranormal being that a society found vital. Therefore the first two chapters are an atheist's best friend and a Christian's nightmare. It is a blatant contradiction in what is claimed to be a divinely inspired document. In the first God created mankind on the sixth day. After making everything else, finally he creates mankind. Then he rests. In the subsequent creation the timeline is not broken up into days. But the first thing God does is to make Man before he makes even plants.

Social Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social Science - Essay Example The average teenager of the 21st century has turned sexually active much earlier than his predecessors. Premarital sex, it would seem, is increasingly a way of life for youth; even if it comes with the risk of pregnancy, abortion, AIDS, sexual diseases and mental conflicts. How does it begin and how does it end? Pre-marital sex in the far distant past was defined as sex with one person, which ultimately resulted in marriage. In today’s context however, premarital sex leads to month long relationships. Sex with many men/women before finally finding someone to ‘settle down with’ is the norm. Alcohol and drugs are some factors for sex that takes place on campus. There are other reasons too. The peer pressure to indulge in premarital sex is one. And then there is the internet, supplying our teenage world with all the sexual material it needs. Pornography, chat rooms, and a zillion other sites are distributing sex freely. Porn is easily accessible these days with the Internet, the Cyber cafes and the VCD parlors doing brisk business with pirated CDs. A random survey of ten of these parlors revealed that most of the business in some of the shops comes from the porn CDs’ rather than the regular movie CDs. Judging then from the popular sentiments, today’s youth believes that premarital sex is not a crime. Technology has brought in a sexual revolution. The Internet helps access so much of material on sex. All for free. This I think has contributed to the sexual awareness. There is also a lot of misinformation around.   Sex is one of the most powerful forces in our lives and we repress it at our own cost. If you let people do what they want to do, they will have sex. Period. The only exception is if people have a biological problem or have been thoroughly brainwashed, to withhold sex until marriage. Premarital sex is a huge problem in society today; the numbers are staggering.

Applied business ethics seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applied business ethics seminar - Essay Example It is from moral business behaviours that ethical leaders are created. She has made a very valid point, therefore, stating that the two elements should go hand in hand. From her point of view, her tax-evasion schemes are legal and irreproachable. She has clearly stated that she plays by the rules without breaking them. It does not, therefore, prevent her from being a moral person. Her schemes for tax evasion are all legal and within the bounds of the law and saves the company a lot of money. However, these are witty schemes of evading paying taxes and should not be applauded. On the weights of codes, such conduct presents a grey area. Mei-Hua, in a position of a senior manager, is not particularly setting the right example. She is an ethical leader, but business morals are somewhat compromised by her schemes that raise questions towards the same. Deshi is very distasteful about the whole concept of ethics and codes. He also describes them as a document you signs to â€Å"stop you from making money.† They are also documents that you sign to stop you from making money and in addition, they appear to him as guidelines that almost no one in the real business world is clear to follow. Deshi completely disregards the importance of codes of corporate governance. His views may have the benefits of maximizing profit by use of even shrewd means. However, without a code, business would be near to impossible. Deshi has a point in identifying the disparity between what is in the pages of Codes and Ethics and real practice. The codes and ethics seem to be formality documents while actual practice depicts otherwise. He is keen to note that most western companies say one thing but means something else. He implies that even when these documents are signed, most of the businesses do not regard them as their goal is to create profitable, successful businesses. Deshi has had experience in the real world of business. He discovered that no one really

Alfred The Great Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alfred The Great - Research Paper Example King Alfred the Great is said to have quoted â€Å"I desired to live worthily as long as I lived, and to leave after my life, to the men who should come after me, the memory of me in good works." Alfred the Great is best remembered by many historians for his military feats. His victories against the Danes prove his capabilities as a great warrior. He is credited with having built the first royal navy to combat the Danes. Alfred adopted the Danish strategy of building fortified bases. The Danes were defeated by the army of Alfred in May 878 in the Battle of Edington. When Alfred finally managed to defeat the Danes, instead of avenging the attacks, exhibited true statesmanship. He entertained the defeated Danish monarch and signed the Treaty of Wedmore, whereby he accepted the Danish occupation of East Anglia. Wessex was secured for Alfred and this resulted in lasting peace. According to the peace treaty, Guthorn was baptized into the Christian faith and is troops from Wessex. Alfred Recognize the Danish control of East Anglia and a few parts of Mercia. In another treaty signed in 886 called the â€Å"Danelaw† the partition of England was formalized. After this, Alfred began fortifying his kingdom with forts to secure it from invasions. To augment his defenses, Alfred constructed a fleet of ships and thereby came to be famously called the â€Å"Father of the English Navy.† (Britannia) The life of King Alfred is a life of â€Å"quiet virtue and unobtrusive success.† (Alfred the Great: The Truth Teller, Maker of England, 848-899 by Beatrice Adelaide Lees). He does not arouse strong feelings of passion that inspire poetry. Instead he is remembered as a friend of the poor, an ally of the clergy and a scholar king. Being a scholar himself, he is known to have translated many Latin books into the tongue of the Anglo Saxons. One of Alfred’s contemporary works that was left unfinished was a Latin account by Asser, a Welshman who was Alfred’s

Pricing policies Essay Example for Free

Pricing policies Essay 1. In making promises that are not guaranteed by third parties and in imposing penalties that are not enforced by third parties, all of the following are credibility-enhancing mechanisms except 2. Essential components of a game include all of the following except: 3. A key to analyzing subgame perfect equilibrium strategy in sequential games is 4. When airlines post prices on an electronic bulletin board at 8:00 a.m. each morning, the decision-makers are engaged in 5. Credible promises and hostage mechanisms can support a continuous stream of cooperative exchanges except when 6. Firms that have a cover charge for their customers and charge for each item they purchase as well are exhibiting 7. The segmenting of customers into several small groups such as household, institutional, commercial, and industrial users, and establishing a different rate schedule for each group is known as: 8. Vacation tours to Europe invariably package visits to disparate regions: cities, mountains, and the seaside. Bundling, a type of second degree price discrimination, is most profitable when: 9. Which of the following pricing policies best identifies when a product should be expanded, maintained, or discontinued? 10. ____ is a new product pricing strategy which results in a high initial product price. This price is reduced over time as demand at the higher price is satisfied. 11. Which of the following is not among the functions of contract? 12. Mac trucks and their dealers would likely have an organizational form of 13. Contracts are distinguished from tactical alliances by which of the following characteristics: 14. Which of the following are not approaches to resolving the principal-agent problem? 15. When retail bicycle dealers advertise and perform warranty repairs but do not deliver the personal selling message that Schwinn has designed as part of the marketing plan but cannot observe at less than prohibitive cost, the manufacturer has encountered a problem of ____. 16. ____ occurs whenever a third party receives or bears costs arising from an economic transaction in which the individual (or group) is not a direct participant. 17. The antitrust laws regulate all of the following business decisions except ____. 18. The sentiment for increased deregulation in the late 1970s and early 1980s has been felt most significantly in the price regulation of 19. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (also shortened to just the Herfindahl index) is a measure of 20. The lower the barriers to entry and exit, the more nearly a market structure fits the ____ market model. 21. If the acceptance of Project A makes it impossible to accept Project B, these projects are: 22. Cost-benefit analysis is the public sector counterpart to ____ used in private, profit-oriented firms. 23. The weights used in calculating the firms weighted-average cost of capital are equal to the proportion of debt and equity ____. 24. In order to help assure that all relevant factors will be considered, the capital-expenditure selection process should include the following steps except: 25. The social rate of discount is best approximated by: 1. Theoretically, in a long-run cost function: 2. The degree of operating leverage is equal to the ____ change in ____ divided by the ____ change in ____. 3. Which of the following is not an assumption of the linear breakeven model: 4. In the linear breakeven model, the breakeven sales volume (in dollars) can be found by multiplying the breakeven sales volume (in units) by: 5. In the linear breakeven model, the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit is referred to as: 6. The short-run cost function is: 7. The problems of asymmetric information exchange arise ultimately because 8. A firm in pure competition would shut down when: 9. An experience good is one that: 10. In the purely competitive case, marginal revenue (MR) is equal to: 11. If price exceeds average costs under pure competition, ____ firms will enter the industry, supply will ____, and price will be driven ____. 12. Buyers anticipate that the temporary warehouse seller of unbranded computer equipment will 13. What is the profit maximization point for a firm in a purely competitive environment? 14. The practice by telephone companies of charging lower long-distance rates at night than during the day is an example of: 15. The demand curve facing the firm in ____ is the same as the industry demand curve. 16. Declining cost industries 17. Of the following, which is not an economic rationale for public utility regulation? 18. When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low, one is generally referring to a(n) ____ situation. 19. Regulatory agencies engage in all of the following activities except _______. 20. Barometric price leadership exists when 21. A cartel is a situation where firms in the industry 22. The existence of a kinked demand curve under oligopoly conditions may result in 23. Some industries that have rigid prices. In those industries, we tend to 24. If a cartel seeks to maximize profits, the market share (or quota) for each firm should be set at a level such that the ____ of all firms is identical. 25. A(n) ____ is characterized by a relatively small number of firms producing a product.

Interoffice Memo Essay Example for Free

Interoffice Memo Essay Yesterday, July 1, 1976, the ruling in the case of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California was decided. The Supreme Court of California imposed a legal duty to psychotherapists, enforceable by a civil suit, to warn a person who may become a victim of a violent act by a patient or if the patient threatens to harm themselves. As professionals in the Human Service field it is necessary that we adhere to this when a client may threaten to hurt themselves or another person. With this ruling, and before any action is taken, we are reminded of our code of ethics. Human Service Professionals have guidelines in their responsibility to the client. The ruling of this case has affected our ethical decision making, in that, we also acknowledge that we need to not only assist our client but also, if threat is made, to assist and protect a potential victim. Once this threat is made, ethically, we have no option but to report it and to not do so, we break our code of ethics and the law. This case has made us aware of the fact that threats can and possibly will be carried out, therefore, threats should not and will not be taken lightly. Our Code of Ethics has changed slightly since this ruling was imposed and while we still protect our client’s confidentiality and privacy, there is now an exception. â€Å"If it is suspected that danger or harm may occur to the  client or to others as a result of a client’s behavior, the human service professional acts in an appropriate and professional manner to protect the safety of those individuals. This may involve seeking consultation, supervision, and/or breaking the confidentiality of the relationship.† (Woodside and McClam, 2011) References: Woodside, M., McClam, T. (2011). An introduction to human services (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Marriott International: An Analysis

Marriott International: An Analysis Marriott International has culture and tradition of innovation, service and leading performance. Marriott International has achieved competitive advantage over the other competitors through three conceptual frameworks: Porters Five Forces approaches, the resources based approaches and the rational approach. Through this approaches Marriott International has identified the source of competitive advantage. This report is primarily based on explaining how the Marriot International Inc. has successfully managed the strategic moves and competing with the strong rivals in the hospitality sector. This report also critically evaluates the strategic moves, competitive strength, internal and external environment of the company. Introduction Marriott International is a leading operator, franchisor, and licensor of hotels, corporate housing properties, and timeshare properties under numerous brand names at different price and service points. It has more than 3700 properties worldwide. It is expanded to 73 countries and have 18 brands. Innovation, service and leading performance is always the key priority of Marriott International. Fortune ® magazine has included Marriott International in the most admired company in lodging industry and also as one of the best places to work. This report critically evaluates the Marriott Internationals strategic profile. (Marriott International Inc., 2012) History Marriott International has categorized its glowing history in 4 groups; period between 1927 to 1956 is known as early years, growth years are between 1957 to 1985, modern years are between 1986 to 2011 and the years ahead is 2012 and onwards. Marriott was founded in 1927 by J. Willard Marriott and his wife in Washington D.C. as a root beer stand. Due to the humid summer of Washington D.C. the Hot Shoppe gradually became the popular place to get cool drinks to quench the thirst. For winter season hot Mexican dishes like tamales, chili, and tacos were the profitable items. In 1929 Hot Shoppes was incorporated in Delaware as Hot Shoppes Inc. Hot Shoppes went public in 1953 by opening its first hotel, the Twin Bridges Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. Marriot did its first international expansion in 1966 by acquiring an airline catering kitchen in Caracas, Venezuela. Marriott became Marriott Corporation in 1967. Cruise lines were added to Marriott Corporation in 1971 and in 1972 J. W. Marriott, Jr. the son of JW Marriot Became the CEO. Farrells ice cream parlors became the part of Marriott Corporation in 1972 and also two theme parks near Chicago and San Francisco came to operation in 1976. In 1977 Marriot Corporation became a billion dollar company. In 1982 the company acquired Host International and opened first Courtyard hotel in 1983. In next year company entered in the vacation timeshare and senior-living market. In 1987 Marriott entered in the lower-moderate lodging segment by acquiring Fairfield Inn and Residence Inn. Again in 1993 the company once again broke down into Marriott International and Host International. In the year of 1995 Marriott International acquired Ritz Carlton Hotel Company. Marriott International introduced Marriott Executive Residence, Towneplace Suites and Fairfield Suites in 1997 by acquiring Renaissance Hotel Group. In 2006 Marriott International announced that all Marriott establishments in US and Canada are non-smoking zone. Marriott has very colorful past and it grew old with innovation and on the other hand it focused more on mergers and acquisitions. In the modern years Marriott International opened the first Bulgari Hotels Resort property in Milan, Italy. In the year of 2008 The Edition brand was introduced. Marriott International continued its growth in 2009 as well. In this year company launched Autograph Collection, which is a luxury and upscale independen t brand hotels. In the year of 2012 Marriott International got its third CEO, Arne Sorenson in the companys history. Strategy Management According to the Bill Marriott, Sustainability means being good corporate citizen and environmentally steward and promoting economic growth, diversity and inclusion in our communities worldwide. Marriott International is growing bigger every day. Marriott International is focusing more on Asia, Africa and Middle East in these days. Marriott International has well planned strategies like New Generation Travelers, Brand Distinction, Portfolio Power, Technology Leadership, Owner Preference and Global Growth. These strategies are formulated to compete with the rival chains. Beside these strategies Marriott International has CSR strategy known as Spirit to serve our communities, which is social approach to stay ahead from the competition. Company has strategic management program to catch up with latest trend and development in the marketplace. Marriott International developed great room lobby experience for the Next Generation Travelers in 2007 and is expanded to 190 countries of the more than 500 Marriott hotels and resorts. Company has planned to expand this program to more than 80% of Marriott properties worldwide with in 2015. Marriott International is also trying to minimize its labor costs in its corporate offices despite the greater expansion of the company itself. There will be altogether 100 hotel in India alone within 2016. In china Marriott planning to open new hotels in faster pace than the rival hotel chains. The economies of China and India are somewhat slowing down but the travel and tourism industry is still growing in the positive speed and Marriott International wants to capture the growing market travel and tourism by adding new rooms. MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT Marriott International does not have a mission statement; rather, it has a vision statement which is To be the #1 hospitality company in the world. (Marriott International Inc., 2012) INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Large Expansion of Brands Peoples business Geographic Presence Global leader More franchise Website and Social Network Focused divestiture Efforts Attract and retain employees Culture retention against the identities of the brands Brand Equity Strong Internet presence Adequate IT solutions Over-reliance on US market Over dependence on luxury brands Lack of low-cost lifestyle brands targeted by fundamentalists or extremists Opportunities Threats Emerging Asian Travel and Tourism Markets Trend of low-cost market Distinction amongst hotel service offered Environmentally and Family Oriented Decrease of cost of real estate in the USA Eco-tourism Timeshare not popular anymore Economic Recession = lower consumer spending Boom of Economy Hotel Brand Political instability Terrorism PEST Analysis External environment needs to be analyzed in timely manner in order to be competitive on todays market place. The environment is changing all the time and company must be responsive to the changing environment. To take effective actions. PEST is the effective tool to analyze external environment of the organization. Marriott International is the leading hospitality management company. Its political, economic, social and technological environment analysis are as follows: Political Environment Marriott International has recognized the value of laws and regulations of the individual nation and acted accordingly in the past and present. The political scenario in each country is different and must be addressed properly. Marriott has followed protocol designed by the individual nation like; no smoking policy, non-fat food, low calorie diet etc. Economic Environment The growing economy of the Asia and other developing region is motivating Marriott International to invest more in these areas. On the other hand, the increasing price of gasoline is encouraging Marriott International to focus on clean energy and to be more environment friendly by decreasing the use of synthetic fuels, which also helps in controlling the cost of the operations Social Environment People today like to travel and explore new places. Marriott is extending travel network in America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. Visiting friends and family abroad today is very easy due to the advancement in transportation system. Marriot International must recognize this market and develop plan to attract these markets. Technological Environment The world today is like global village. Technology is connecting the world and gathering the people in one place. People travel today more frequently than in the past. Reservation, payment, check in and check out can be done seamlessly. Marriott International has adopted technological innovation in faster pace than the competitors. Technological and innovation is the key priority of Marriott International. 3) FORCES OF FRAME WORK Buyer Power The buyer power in the Hospitality industry is moderate. As the Marriott International has strong brand recognition, it can attract new guest easily with little effort of marketing and promotions. The company can also keep its repeat business because the switching cost or risk for the guest is uncertain. Marriott International is providing quality service consistently and giving the best experience to its guest at all level. Supplier Power The supplier power is moderate for Marriott International as the supplier power in Hospitality Industry is fragmented. Property owners, developers, architects, real estate companies, marketing firms, law firms and information technology service and equipment suppliers are some example of supplier in the industry. Suppliers are in different shapes and sizes. Food and beverage supplier, utility supplier and labor supplier are also key player, as they are major stakeholder in minimizing operational cost of operation. Threat of New Entrants Threat of new Entrants for Marriot International is considerably high due to the substantial growth in hospitality industry in past few years. The unfavorable economic condition of some European countries also have lowered the value of land and real estate and it is very likely to attract new entrepreneur in the hospitality industry. The economic growth in South Asia and Asia Pacific is also maximizing the threat of new entrants. Threat of Substitution Threat of substitution for Marriott International is low in the developed nations and premium market place. In developing nations, the threat of substitution is high due to the innovative concepts in travel and tourism industry like; homestay campaign, camping, informal visit to friends and family. There is a threat of substitution but we cannot compare the service level provided in the informal sector with the Marriott level of service. Degree of Rivalry The threat of rivalry in the hospitality industry is moderate for Marriott International. In hospitality industry, key players are large branded chains. Marriott is facing strong competition from the other same sized chain brands but it is gaining its competitive advantage through the diversification of business in specialized segments. Marriott is expanded in 73 countries and has 18 brands which is the main reason that Marriott is ahead from its competitor. Beside this, Marriotts strong brand equity, strong commitment for guest satisfaction, consistent and quality service is helping Marriott to stay ahead from its rivals. RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES Marriott International has a strong presence in the hospitality market due to its efficient operation, effective marketing, specific market segmentation by diversification of revenue and economies of scale on operations. Marriott is capable of managing all of its operations on its own. Strong commitment to service and guest satisfaction is Marriotts priority. Satisfied investor and shareholders, motivated employees in all level, strong corporate culture is driving Marriott International in the right track of its journey to more satisfied guest, motivated employees and prosperous owners and shareholders. DECISION MAKING CRITICAL THEMES CONCLUSION Are you Thirsty? Analysis of Pepsi Advert Are you Thirsty? Analysis of Pepsi Advert Briauna McGrew You wake up in the middle of the night and youre standing in front of your refrigerator with your eyes squinted because of the bright light trying to decide what you want to drink. Then you finally see it, even with your squinted eyes, the exact thing you had been craving since you went to sleep and then dreamed about until the moment you woke up, a Pepsi. So, you grab that glorious Pepsi excited to take a drink and feel the bubbly delicious drink run down your dry throat. Once you take a drink you start to think back to what first got you started drinking this yummy, bubbly, delicious pop. Then you remember the ad that you saw in a magazine that made you laugh out loud so you just had to try the pop. In this ad they used one of Americas famous holidays to get peoples attention and they also made it funny which is something that everyone loves, if someone sees something funny and they are a fun person, more than likely they are going to look into whatever it is that made them laugh, I know I do. When I first looked at this ad the very first thing that I notice is the Pepsi can wearing a Coca-Cola cape. So it is obviously a Pepsi ad trying to get people to drink Pepsi. They are trying to send out a message that Coke is scary and Pepsi is just a normal pop. The only saying on this ad is We wish you a scary Halloween!. This is a big part of them saying that Coke is scary because when you dress up for Halloween you try to be scary, so the Pepsi can is trying to be scary by dressing up as a Coke can. I also got the feeling that when they say We wish you a scary Halloween they are saying that it would be scary if Pepsi turned into Coke When you think of scary things you want to stay away from them, such as shark infested water, if you had to choose between swimming in water that had no living things in it and swimming in water that was infested with sharks I am almost certain you would choose the one with no living things. I think thats what Pepsi is getting at with this ad. Pepsi is a very hip company because they try to appeal to the younger people so they talk their parents into buying it so they can drink it. The colors are key in this ad because if they didnt get the colors just right this could very easily become helpful to Coke and not Pepsi, but because they are professionals at advertisements they used the exact colors needed. In the back ground of the picture are rocks on a hill or a mountain but when you look at it you can see kind of a blue undertone in these rocks, almost like they put a very faint blue tint to the entire picture. If you look at the Coke cape the colors are very dull and aggressive and the shadows on the cape have hints of blue in them which is the main color of a Pepsi can. They made sure that the red on the Pepsi can was a different and more bright red than the red on the Coke cape. They kind of have light coming from the top of the picture and the bottom of the picture so the can just looks so bold. The Pepsi can itself is more bright even though it is under a Coke cape it still pops out. The white on the Pepsi can is a brighter white and the white on the cape is a little more dull. The Pepsi can has some reflecting light on it to make it pop out even more. The top of the Pepsi can has a very bright sun reflection so it makes the can catches the readers eye and makes them look. The whole picture is more of a dark picture but they made sure to make the Pepsi logo very very bright so that it would stand out so that people would know for sure what the ad was for. They made sure to place the sunlight in the perfect place to make the Pepsi can stick out the most. They made the can in general very bold so that your eye is just drawn straight to the can. The colors are very important but the position the can in is important as well. When you look at it it looks like the can is standing tall and is a dominate thing. They make it look like there is a gentle breeze because the Coke cape is open and just looks like it is blowing in the wind, kind of like at the end of a super hero movie when the hero stands on a high mountain top and overlooks the city that he takes care of and they make sure there is a gentle breeze blowing through making their cape blow around and they just look so dominate, thats the feel that I get from this, because they are making this cape blow in the wind it is kind of making the Coca-Cola in this picture a lot less dominate because the word is all wrinkled up and you cant see it as well, you cant see the whole Pepsi word but they have the most important letters of the name in there, the whole name is Pepsi and they have the eps in there so pretty much all of the letters that make up the word Pepi are included, s o people just know what they are looking at. The can is standing right between 2 boulders that kind of make a V or an arrow that kind of points right to the can that also helps with drawing your eyes straight to the can. Also the moss that is throughout the entire picture is isnt a strong point but I can feel the moss kind of guiding your eyes right to the can. To sum everything up, it doesnt seem like this Pepsi ad used a lot of things to try to sell their product but they did. They didnt use a lot of wording but they didnt need to, they kind of came off as a the can speaks for itself kind of thing. They made the colors all hit in the perfect spot and they made all the high lights and low lights perfect. They made the can seem dominate without even saying anything. They made everything in the picture just point straight at the can but they didnt make the pointing too harsh they just kind of slowly guided your eye straight to the can. In my opinion they did an amazing job in this ad just because they didnt use many words but they still got what they wanted to get into everyone that sees this ad head.   So what do you think? Are you going to begin drinking Pepsi? http://www.emlii.com/images/article/2014/02/5300bef02e394.jpeg

Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri Essay -- Dante Alighieri Th

Canto 18 of The Inferno by Dante Alighieri It was once said by Marcel Proust that â€Å"We do not receive wisdom, we must discover it for ourselves, after a journey through the wilderness which no one else can make for us, which no one can spare us†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This journey through the wild to discover wisdom is exactly what transpires in The Inferno by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno is an epic poem that is the first section of a three-part poem called The Divine Comedy. The Inferno is about the narrator, Dante, traveling through the layers of Hell and learning about the men and women in Hell, and ultimately why God is punishing them there. One of the most representative parts of The Inferno as a whole is Canto 18. Canto 18 is the eighth circle of Hell called the â€Å"Malebolge†, which translated means â€Å"Evil-Pouches†. This is where â€Å"ordinary† fraud is punished. The Canto begins with a very detailed description of the Malebolge. Dante then visits the first of ten pouches loc ated in the eighth circle. The first pouch holds panders and seducers who are being beaten by horned demons. While watching the sinners in this pouch, Dante recognizes two men. Virgil, the famous poet and Dante’s guide through Hell, then leads Dante into the second pouch where Flatterers are immersed in excrement. Here, in the second pouch Dante again recognizes two of the sinners, a man and woman, who are spending eternity covered in feces. Once Dante has seen the second pouch, Virgil leads him out because he has seen enough. Initially, after reading Canto 18 for the first time, I was very much shocked at how Dante illustrates the entire scene. First, as I read about why the people Dante knew were in Hell, it really makes me think about ... ...e last insight Fowlie provides me with is more background information to the figures he uses in examples of the sins. Fowlie says that Dante’s inclusion of Caccianemico is â€Å"an extreme case of pandering† (120). Fowlie believes the main purpose Dante uses Caccianemico is because Caccianemico is from Bologna, and he is lashing out against the city. Fowlie says Dante knows that Bologna is full of the â€Å"practice of pimping†; thus, Dante feels that Bologna is the perfect place for the sinner of pandering to originate from. I find this interesting because it is as if Dante has a grudge against Bologna and is attempting to ruin the city’s name. Overall, Fowlie’s discussion on Canto 18 reveals many new ideas and thoughts that improve my knowledge and understanding of the entire poem. The material stated in Fowlie’s discussion ultimately sheds new light on my Canto 18.

Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converg

Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge Flannery O’Connor uses images of regality as represented by hats, colors, and ironic regal references in the short story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge† to symbolize Julian’s mother, and her societal views. She, like the hat, is not as upper class as she would have herself or others believe. In addition, her racist beliefs are challenged when a black woman enters the bus with the very same hat, forcing her to realize that the regal attitude she holds will never be validated, and she will no longer be able to pretend that she is superior to anyone. The hat, which â€Å"looked like a cushion with the stuffing out,† resembles â€Å"the dumpy figure† of the mother. In addition, the hat is referred to as â€Å"preposterous,† and â€Å"ridiculous,† all the ways her son considers her to be. The hat is gaudy and not worth the money she paid for it, but she is certain of its taste just as she is certain how good it looks on her (because the sales lady had told her so), and how superior she is to those at the Y. The sales lady had said that ‘â€Å"with that hat, you won’t meet yourself coming or going,† which means that she will not be alike anyone else. Of course, this is not the case, and the black Negress would ultimately be the last person Julian’s mother would wish to meet. The colors in the hat are extremely significant. Its purple velvet flap creates the image of royalty, and the rest of it, green, represents money. This is the only time that green is mentioned in the story, for money is not something that they have, which even the mother cannot dispute. In addition to the hat, the sky of their once â€Å"fashionable† neighborhood is the color of â€Å"a dying violet,† and the house... ... apparently does not realize this: ‘â€Å"Most of them in it are not our kind of people,† she said, â€Å"but I can be gracious to anybody. I know who I am.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ironically, she is completely unsure of whom she is, and this is why it is so hard for her to come to terms with any of the reality around her. The importance of the hat becomes most overt when the Negress enters the bus wearing one exactly identical. ‘â€Å"That was your black double,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ says her son. She had, until this point, thought herself greater than most she encountered, whether black or white, and for a working- class black woman to have the same taste as her, in addition to the means by which to attain it, her fragile view of life has been forever shattered. The fact that this â€Å"black queen† ends up more powerful than the â€Å"white queen† underscores the irony inherent in the main characters delusions of grandeur. Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converg Regal Imagery in Flannery O’Connor’s Everything That Rises Must Converge Flannery O’Connor uses images of regality as represented by hats, colors, and ironic regal references in the short story â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge† to symbolize Julian’s mother, and her societal views. She, like the hat, is not as upper class as she would have herself or others believe. In addition, her racist beliefs are challenged when a black woman enters the bus with the very same hat, forcing her to realize that the regal attitude she holds will never be validated, and she will no longer be able to pretend that she is superior to anyone. The hat, which â€Å"looked like a cushion with the stuffing out,† resembles â€Å"the dumpy figure† of the mother. In addition, the hat is referred to as â€Å"preposterous,† and â€Å"ridiculous,† all the ways her son considers her to be. The hat is gaudy and not worth the money she paid for it, but she is certain of its taste just as she is certain how good it looks on her (because the sales lady had told her so), and how superior she is to those at the Y. The sales lady had said that ‘â€Å"with that hat, you won’t meet yourself coming or going,† which means that she will not be alike anyone else. Of course, this is not the case, and the black Negress would ultimately be the last person Julian’s mother would wish to meet. The colors in the hat are extremely significant. Its purple velvet flap creates the image of royalty, and the rest of it, green, represents money. This is the only time that green is mentioned in the story, for money is not something that they have, which even the mother cannot dispute. In addition to the hat, the sky of their once â€Å"fashionable† neighborhood is the color of â€Å"a dying violet,† and the house... ... apparently does not realize this: ‘â€Å"Most of them in it are not our kind of people,† she said, â€Å"but I can be gracious to anybody. I know who I am.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ironically, she is completely unsure of whom she is, and this is why it is so hard for her to come to terms with any of the reality around her. The importance of the hat becomes most overt when the Negress enters the bus wearing one exactly identical. ‘â€Å"That was your black double,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ says her son. She had, until this point, thought herself greater than most she encountered, whether black or white, and for a working- class black woman to have the same taste as her, in addition to the means by which to attain it, her fragile view of life has been forever shattered. The fact that this â€Å"black queen† ends up more powerful than the â€Å"white queen† underscores the irony inherent in the main characters delusions of grandeur.

Frankenstein: The Impact of God-like Sciences Stemming from Modern Tech

Frankenstein: The Impact of God-like Sciences Stemming from Modern Technology In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein’s life story is the heart of the tale. As a young Swiss boy, he grew up in Geneva reading the works of the ancient and outdated alchemists, a background that serves him ill when he attends university at Ingolstadt. There he learns about modern science and, within a few years, masters all that his professors have to teach him. He becomes fascinated with the â€Å"secret of life,† discovers it, and brings a hideous monster into the world. The monster proceeds to kill Victor’s youngest brother, best friend, and wife; he also indirectly causes the deaths of two other innocents, including Victor’s father. Though torn by remorse, shame, and guilt, Victor refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he has created, even as he sees the ramifications of his experiment spiraling out of control. This paper focuses on the God-like sciences that are portrayed in the novel. â€Å"Learn from me. . . at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow† (Shelley 101). Victor’s attempt to play God and Creator is most plainly seen through the perceptions and actions of his creation. The creature is born into the world as if it is a baby, knowing nothing of life. This creature's first experience as a living existence is being shunned by its own creator. I beheld the wretch---the miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me†¦ He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs (Shelley 43). The monster is reaching out to the only thing he knows thus far, his creator, and is met with disgust. Victor, being merely human, cannot offer this creature the unconditional love and guidance that God bestows on His creatures. This, in turn, leads to the imminent immoral actions of the creature. As technology advances, civilization grows farther from religious beliefs, attempting to become ‘God-like’. Instead of living off what is here, humans build their own habitats. Instead of accepting disease and death, hum... ...saac. "The Scientist as Villian." Asimov on Science Fiction. New York: Granada, 1983. 65-68. Brooks, Peter. "Godlike Science/ Unhallowed Arts: Language and Monstrosity in Frankenstein." New Literary History (Spring 1978) 591-605. Fellman, Gordon. "The Truths of Frankenstein: Technologism and Images of Destruction." Psychohistory Review 19 (1991): 177231. Gilbert, Sandra M., and Gubar, Susan. "Horror's Twin: Mary Shelley's Monstrous Eve." The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. 213-247. http://encarta.msn.com- "Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2005. http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2005 Microsoft Corporation. Joseph, M.K. Introduction. Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Ed. M.K. Joseph. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1969. i-xx. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus. Ed. M.K. Joseph. Oxford: Oxford Up, 1969. Spector, Robert Donald. Introduction. Seven Masterpieces of Gothic Horror. New York: Bantam, 1963. 1-12. Tillyard, E.M.W. Myth and the English Mind. New York: Collier Books, 1961.

The impact of French imperialism on Indochina to 1945 Essay

Being an imperialist country, France pursed to increase its power, wealth and influence by gaining authority over other parts in the world. South America and Africa were among the countries the French Empire had owned in addition to Indochina who lost its independence after the war against China, which lasted from 1884-1885. Indochina was a main asset to France, especially in the field of economics and social power between other countries such as China and Japan. Despite the advantage Indochina gave to France, the control of the French was not considered beneficial to the Indochinese nation. Politically, France reduced the country’s sense of unity by separating Indochina into three administrative sections called Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchina. Political control varied, as it was direct control for the colony of Cochinchina, however indirect control for Annam and Tonkin. The difference between these areas was the fact that the Vietnamese who lived in Cochinchina were able to gain French citizenship and were enabled to hold seats in the National Assembly in Paris. This meant that authority held by the Vietnamese Emperor was strongly weakened, as his mandarins who gave him his authority worked for the French governor. Whereas, in Annam and Tonkin citizens weren’t allowed access to French citizenship and their territory were not counted as part of France. Their emperors continued authorities through the exercise of French govern. This essentially divided the united power of Indochina as power comes in the masses. In terms of social culture, it was French policy to encourage the educated to serve in the army or civil service and to assimilate into French society. Through assimilation of French ideals, the educated Vietnamese people adopted the illusion of French revolutionary concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality. This was contradicting as they were excluded from political, administrative and managerial positions. If an educated Vietnamese were to hold such a position, they’d receive a fraction of the wages earned by their French counterparts. This was due to the theory that Indochinese people were inferior and relied on French culture to overcome their state of disorder. As a result, the French officials who ruled the provinces undermined traditional control of village notables, which led to the conversion of several million Vietnamese people and condemned the traditional practice of ancestral worship. Due to the angered realisation of double standards of liberty and equality, open rebellion and hunger marches in 1930 led to the execution of leaders, the killing by troops of 10000 participants and the deportation of 50000 more. Protests to French authority resulted in serving a jail centre, which was more popular to find than hospital facilities. Indochina gave many opportunities to France to increase wealth and prestige internationally. Due to Indochina’s location a trading relationship with China was made convenient. Having by 1897, gained mineral concession in three provinces there, the French built to railways accessing to China. By 1910 the railway to Yunnan was built by 80000 Vietnamese workers, in which thirty per cent being the subject of mortality. The majority of Indochina’s 25 million people were used as cheap labour workers to work in mines, factories, rice fields and rubber plantations to produce large quantities of corn, rice, rubber, silk, tin and zinc. Exclusive possession of alcohol, opium and salt trade also significantly amplified France’s financial state. Land grants were given to French settlers and wealthy Vietnamese people who possessed eighty per cent of land. Peasants were living in poverty caused by high rent payment, high taxes and debt to moneylenders. The building of canals, roads, railway lines and port facilities as well as the administration of Indochina were funded by heavy labour of the Vietnamese resources and working-class peasants. The response to oppression caused resistance from the Indochinese nation. Guerrillas fought to prevent forceful takeover and loss of heritage. Further violence was the response of French authority. This worsened the involvement of violence due to the fact that it stimulated further resistance. Nationalism arose from the involvement in world war one, which caused further intense resistance. Education provided by the French was beneficial to the Vietnamese, as they provided and encouraged an understanding and commitment to nationalist ideas. This caused two radical revolutionary groups to emerge and challenge French authority. The more powerful group  called the Indochinese communist party (ICP) was founded by Ho Chi Minh who brought prominence in 1930. The French underestimated its motivation, resistance and ability, which resulted in their failure to destroy it. The pacific war ended in august 1945 and by the 20th of August Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh took control of the government buildings. This was due to the fact that there was a French absence in the colony. The ‘August revolution’ spread across Vietnam and Viet Minh groups’ accessed control of all government levels. On the 19th of August the provisional government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was announced and on the 2nd of September Ho Chi Minh declared independence in front of his nation. His ten goals included overthrowing French imperialism to make Indochina independent, establish a worker-peasant and soldier government, distribute assets of belonging and plantations to the peasants, implement an 8 hour working day, abolish unfair taxes on peasants, bring freedom to the masses and implement equality between both sexes. French imperialism impacted Indochina Economically, Socially and Politically. In the long run, it provided the Vietnamese with advantages such as infrastructure, education and economic wealth. However, in order to achieve this the French imperialists caused destruction to the masses with burdens of unreasonable debt, high rates of death and forced cheap labour. In order to achieve independence, education on concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality ironically provided by the French gave Vietnamese communists the ability to fight French authority. Through the resistance and support of the majority of the Indochinese nation, the Viet Minh were successful to overcome oppression of their people and ultimately gained insight to political, economic and social welfare on an international scale. Despite his efforts to gain support of the United States, Ho Chi Minh’s letters went unanswered and instead the United States agreed to support France’s demand for support of reclamation of Vietnam.

Analyze Fitzgeralds Presentation of the Valley of Ashes.

Analyze Fitzgerald’s presentation of the Valley of Ashes at the start of chapter 2. Halfway between West Egg and New York lies the ‘valley of ashes’ and this is the ‘desolate’ wasteland, which is also home to the Wilson family. The term ‘desolate’ is used to describe a place that is depressingly empty and solitary. Fitzgerald includes this ‘fantastic farm’ to emphasize to the readers, the sharp contrast between luxury and health with poverty and struggle. The valley serves to represent the damage that the upper class characters such as Daisy and Tom can inflict on society.Through the Wilson family, we get the impression that this is a place where the victims of the American Dream reside and is home to those who have very little to look forward to in the future and have very little going on in their lives. Unlike New York, this barren site lacks extravagance and the repetition of the color ‘grey’ which like black, can be used to signify a lack of life, as well as loss or depression serves to remind us of the emptiness Fitzgerald is trying to portray – even the men who work there are ‘ash-grey’.The Valley is a product of capitalism as it is created by industrial waste and can be seen as the dumping ground for the likes of wealthy men and women. The wealthy reside in false pretence where their homes are reflective of gold  but down the ‘motor-road’ we can find the valley of their corruptive wealth. It is the complete opposite of life in the West Egg and in New York. Transferred epithet as well as personification is used when describing the movement of the cars. It is said that even the cars ‘crawl’ and once again, this stresses to the readers the emptiness in the valley.Up until this juncture, Fitzgerald uses cars as a symbol of power and along with power tends to co me wealth. For all the wealthy characters in the novel such as Gatsby and the Bu chanan, a car comes along with the lavish lifestyles they lead, but if you compare this to the Wilsons, they fix cars just in order to make a living. It’s as if to those that live in New York, it’s just a good time but for those in the valley of ashes, this is what they call life. It is evident that everything here is devalued and mounts to nothing in New York.In the valley of Ashes, we also have the eyes of Doctor T. J . Eckleburg that sees everything. Although it is just a billboard, It could be argued that through these ‘yellow spectacles’ are the eyes of God as well as the eyes of Nick. He is our narrator who is within and without the novel. We see the narration through his eyes but by doing so, Fitzgerald is able to withhold information from the readers as we can only see what Nick chooses to reveal in his narrative as he judges everyone else from his own perspective.The eyes also serve to represent the harsh reality of the ‘American Dreamâ€⠄¢ and just how false it can be. Supposedly, anyone can make it big in America if they work hard for it, just like the Wilsons, but the truth is not everyone can be as wealthy as Gatsby and the Buchanan’s and the idea that everyone can live that American dream is just a dream. Although it has proved wealth for some, like the ashes, the Wilsons hope for this wealth are not very alive.

Political Leadership Essay

Political Leadership and the Problem of the Charismatic Power Author(s): Carl J. Friedrich Source: The Journal of Politics, Vol. 23, No. 1, (Feb. , 1961), pp. 3-24 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Southern Political Science Association Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/2127069 Accessed: 04/08/2008 17:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www. jstor. org/page/info/about/policies/terms. jsp. JSTOR’s Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www. jstor. org/action/showPublisher? publisherCode=cup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor. org. http://www. jstor. org POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE PROBLEM OF THE CHARISMATIC POWER* CARLJ. FRIEDRICH Harvard University. introduced sociology into and its derivatives, THE TERM charisma many years ago by a Germansociologist, has lately been spreading into political science here and abroad. The intellectuals’ desire to sound profound by the use of unfamiliar words may have a share in this fad, but it would seem that the term also responds to a very real need. One recent writer goes so far as to define charisma as â€Å"the right to rule by virtue of what they (the leaders) have been and are. † Needless to say, such vagueness is a far cry from the original usage. 1 In order to be able to assess the utility of the concept of charismatic leadership, charismatic authority (and legitimacy) and charismatic power and rule, it will be necessary to clarify the phenomena of power, rule and leadership which are supposed to be qualified by this quality of being charismatic. Power is a central concern of political science. It is a phenomenon which is universally recognized, but difficult to understand. Like all data of the real world, it defies rigorous definition. Most famous among the attempts at definition is that of Hobbes. He states that â€Å"power is the present means to secure some future apparent good. † (Leviathan Chap. 10) Such a definition (while historically important as a challenge to the traditional notion that what is â€Å"good† can be authoritatively known)2 is both too broad and too narrow. Too broad, because it makes it impossible to distinguish power from wealth; for what is wealth but a present *Based upon a paper delivered at the 1960 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, on September 9, 1960. The problems here discussed will be more fully developed within a systematic context in a forthcoming book on this and related issues. ‘Max Weber, Wirtschaft und GeselIschaft, 1922, Part I, Chap. 3, paras. 1014; Part III, Chap. 9, and elsewhere. An abbreviated edition of Talcott Parsons and Henderson was published under the title The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. The discussion of charisma and charismatic leadership is found on pp. 358ff. The statement quoted on charisma is found in M. S. Lipsett, Political Man (1959) p. 49. 2Hobbes, in consequence, denied the notion of a â€Å"summum bonum†; these Doints were rightly stressed in comments by David Spitz. [3] 4 THE JOURNAL OF POLITICS [Vol. 23 means to secure some future apparent good? Hobbes’ reply to such an objection would have been, of course, that wealth is a â€Å"form† of power; he says as much in the discussion that follows his definition. Whatever may be the argument here on broad philosophical grounds, it is operationally important today to draw this distinction, in order to differentiate political from economic concerns and thus politics from economics. Actually so broad a definition as Hobbes’ really identifies power with the totality of resources available to a man to realize his values or purposes. If power is thus defined, what does it mean to say that â€Å"life is but a ceaseless search for power after power unto death†-the famous claim of Hobbes and recited to this day? It simply says that men seek that which they desire, which is little short of tautological. But Hobbes’ definition is not only too broad; it is also too narrow. For it talks of power as if it were a thing, something to have and to hold, and may be to sit upon like a bag of gold. Power at times possesses this quality, but at other times not at all, and it is important to see it in its dual nature, because only this Janusfaced quality gives to power the perplexing dynamic quality which men feel but find it difficult to account for. Power is not only a thing, a possession, but it is also a relation, as Locke insists in his Essay on Human Understanding (Bk. II, Chap 21) where he states are â€Å"(powers relations, not agents. † If power is looked at in the dimension of time, it becomes clear that its relational quality is the more evident, the longer the time span involved. For it is in the rise and the decline of political power, whether of individuals or of larger groups that the relational quality, the fact that power is always power over other men, becomes evident. In a certain sense, therefore, it is possible to say that the stress upon its quality as a thing, a possession to have and to hold, is the result of an illusion. But such a statement is not wholly justified. Due to the institutionalization of power relationships, presently to be discussed, the power attached to a certain office is a thing, a possession to have and to hold. To be sure, the office may be lost as a result of the way the power is used, but while the office is held, the power is in the hands of him who holds it. Therefore it is appropriate to say that power is to some extent 8It is curious and has been noted occasionallythat Locke in his Essays on Civil Government (I1,4) builds the argument upon Hobbes’ concept, though the other notion, implicit in his general philosophy, also plays its part. 1961] POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND CHARISMATIC POWER 5 a possession p(l), and to some extent a relation p(2). It is the ratio of the two ingredients which political science must continuously be concerned with. The difference between political phenomena in which the ratio of p(l) and p(2) is greater than one, and those in which the ratio of p(l) to p(2) is smaller than one is familiar to the study of politics. The first is typically a stabilized office, such as that of an hereditary monarch, or of an official of a firmly established republic. The second ratio, p (l)

A Natural and Privatized life Essay

Haruki Murakami, a Japanese writer of short story, The Year of Spaghetti. The depiction of Murakami’s stories with point-of-view narratives provides certain distinctiveness to the characters, depending on how the dialogue is conveyed. The abstract things the narrator says and does provide the idea of human isolation with little feelings of fear. Although the story has no definitive plot, it grabs hold of conflicting emotions between fear and loneliness. The unnamed protagonist in The Year of Spaghetti, illustrates the meaning of loneliness through naturalization and privatization. According to the Article, Murakami Haruki and the Naturalization of Modernity, â€Å"Privatization is the process that makes naturalization possible.† (Cassegard 87) The first paragraph of Haruki’s story, The Year of Spaghetti, already shows how alone and private his life it. He says, â€Å"I cooked spaghetti to live, and lived to cook spaghetti.† (pg. 178) It already seems as if his mind is made up for the rest of his life. That he has found his life’s calling to cook spaghetti every day and every night. That is what is natural to him. Naturalization means, â€Å"that one has grown used to an environment that was once shocking.† (Cassegard 83) Nothing really phases him, however, he could not have reached naturalization without having privatization occur first. Privatization is: The process whereby individuals â€Å"become used† to solitude, or—to be more precise—their instinctual needs and fundamental impulses become channeled in such a way that their gratification is made less dependent on relations to other people. The term does not imply that human interaction decreases, but stands for the subjective process whereby such interactions become less important as sources of gratification for individuals. (Cassegard 87) This explains how the protagonist in this story can be conveyed as someone who is lonely, hurt, and avoiding the rest of the world, but could actually just be content with life. Privatization explains that the interactions with other people are not necessarily something he is bad at or is avoiding, but  just has less interest in it. The story then goes on to how the protagonist’s phone rang and how he could barely even recognize the fact that someone was calling him. This was due to the fact that he does not call nor get calls regularly. This is a shock to the protagonist because he was not expecting anyone to call or talk to him. As he answered the phone it was his friend’s ex girlfriend and by the sound of her voice he already knew she needed some kind of help. He then says to himself, â€Å"whatever trouble was brewing I knew I didn’t want to get involved.† (Murakami 180) Before even knowing what the girl’s problem was he already knew he did not want any part of it. This is part of his privatized life. According to Cassegard, â€Å"Their peace of mind is paid for by loneliness.† (pg. 87) Cassegard is trying to say that Murakami’s protagonist likes being alone and therefore, knows, getting involved in any type of way with this girl or anyone else for that matter will interfere with him being alone. He is so use to his everyday life of buying different types of spaghetti every week, cooking it in his, â€Å"huge aluminum cooking pot, big enough to bathe a German shepard in.† (Murakami 178), then eating it all by himself. Perhaps the German shepard is also a symbol of loneliness because this is all he did in 1971. He did it everyday and that is what he sees as normal. He kept his life privatized like this and that is why nothing is a shock to him, because it is natural to him. The protagonist’s tone in the story sounds content with subtle undertones of fear. It is like the spaghetti has some type of deeper meaning in accordance to his loneliness. When explaining how spaghetti is cooked a specific type of way he also mentions more than once how he must eat it alone. He even says he expects to be alone, and him subconsciously thinking people are at his door proves how lonely he really is. The protagonist says: Every time I sat down to a plate of spaghetti- especially on a rainy afternoon- I had the distinct feeling that somebody was about to knock on my door. The person who I imagined was about to visit me was different each time. Sometimes it was a stranger, sometimes someone I knew. Once, it was a girl with slim legs whom I’d dated in high school, and once it was myself, from a few years back, come to pay a visit. Another time, it was none other than William Holden,  with Jennifer Jones on his arm. (Murakami 179) Although he may be content and satisfied with being alone, you can still tell how lonely he really is by his actions. Whenever, he eats spaghetti alone he imagines people coming to visit. He especially imagines people up when it is a rainy day. The rain symbolizes the mood of sadness and loneliness, therefore, especially on rainy days he would doze off. The protagonist in the story shows his loneliness because he has to daydream of random people that are visiting him but do not actually come inside. According to Cassegard, â€Å"Few things are as striking in the protagonists of Murakami as their loneliness, even when they are with other people.† (p. 83) Cassegard is saying that Murakami’s protagonists are always perceived to be lonely even when interacting with others. For example, when the protagonist in The Year of Spaghetti is talking to the girl on the phone, he makes up a lie so that he can hang up with her because he does not want to speak or help her with her problem of needing to contact her ex boyfriend, the protagonist’s friend because he owes her a sum of money. He is not happy to have a phone call because he likes to be alone, so therefore, he lies about cooking spaghetti just to cut the conversation off. After he lies he thinks to himself, â€Å" I lied. I had no idea why I said that. But that lie was already a part of me- so much so that, at that moment at least, it didn’t feel like a lie at all. (Murakami 181) That line can make us idealize the fact that he has been cooking spaghetti for the purpose of a lie that has turned true. Him cooking spaghetti symbolizes his way of privatization. Eating spaghetti provides allusion to the idea of a tangled relationship that he is avoiding with anyone, especially the girl he was speaking on the phone to. His constant rejection to the world has lead him imagining a pot with water, on his stove, and an imaginary match. (Murakami) This collectively provides the constant isolated relationship between him and his world. Murakami is a different kind of Japanese writer. He adapted his writing style from the Western side. DiConsiglo says, â€Å"Growing up, he dreamed of America. He read American detective novels, and listened to American music  on the radio. Even the defining moment in his life was distinctly American. At age 29, while watching a baseball game, he suddenly realized he wanted to be a writer.† (pg. 1) Murakami then says, â€Å"Writing in Japan for Japanese people is in a particular style, very stiff. If you are a Japanese novelist you have to write that way,† Murakami has said. â€Å"But I am different in my style. I guess I’m seeking a new style for Japanese readership, and I think I have gained ground. Things are changing now.† (DiConsiglio) Murakami was always teased for the way he writes. He was a disgrace to the older Japanese people because of the way he wrote. Japanese people would tease Americans and call them names like batakusai, which literally means, â€Å"stinking of butter.† (DiConsiglio 1) Murakami has been different from everyone else as he group up because of his interests and that is possibly why his characters in the stories he writes are so lonely, privatized, but also natural. His characters in the stories never seem to be shocked by anything because they accept everything as they are. They do not have any desire to figure out or question why certain things are the way they are. The characters just exist neither happy nor sad. And that is how the protagonist in Murakami’s story The Year of Spaghetti is like. His character shows not much emotion to anything else except his love for spaghetti and his few day dreams of random imaginary people. That is really lonely but does not seem to shock the protagonist nor phase him, because as said, t hat is what is natural to him. (DiConsiglio) In conclusion, the point of view narration has emphasized the point that gives his stories uniqueness and relatable aesthetic. It’s tone helps a reader to understand the author and protagonist’s ideas of privatization from the world that became natural to him. It is only then the symbolism of spaghetti provides a greater and deeper meaning to why the protagonist acts in the certain way that he does- a privatized and natural life. Works Cited Cassegard, Carl. â€Å"Murakami Haruki And The Naturalization Of Modernity.† International Journal Of Japanese Sociology 10.1 (2001): 80-92. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. DiConsiglio, John. â€Å"Haruki Murakami Stinks.† Literary Cavalcade 51.4 (1999): 15. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. Murakami, Haruki. â€Å"The Year of Spaghetti.† (2005): 178-83. Web.

A Moment that Lasts Forever Essay Example for Free

A Moment that Lasts Forever Essay ? I turn around to see the audience cheering their lungs out for me. Even though I’ve been through so many competitions before, none of the competitions could even compare to the contrasting feelings I was having at the moment. Although at the time, I still did not know who won in the finals of one of the biggest competitions in California, nor did I know what the judges thought of me, I knew that I had successfully completed a memory that would have a big impact on my life. I knew that I had worked hard and tried my best, and even if I ended up not even winning a place, I would have earned something from this extreme event. My teacher had been trying to decide what piece to give me for my next competition: MTAC, the Music Teacher’s Association of California. What does that mean? It means that I will be competing in one of the biggest, and hardest competition in California again. It would be the 3rd time in this competition for me, after failing the first time, and barely achieving ‘Honorable Mention’ the second time. I knew that this was my chance, my chance to finally show all the critics, all the people that believed I was just a talentless girl with extremely well-known teachers, that I actually was able to play the piano. â€Å"Oh! How about this piece?† my mentor suggested.   I looked up to see my teacher, a young boy stuck in a old man’s body, look at me, so happy and excited about something that he was almost bouncing off the floor. I see him holding a green book, and I see as he opens the book to the 5th page, the words â€Å"Abegg Variations† by Schumann. I nearly fainted right there and then. â€Å"How did this teacher expect me to play this super hard piece that even Lang Lang made mistakes in when he played, when I couldn’t even play my Mendelssohn well?† I thought to myself, â€Å"but I probably can’t do anything about it, especially not with my mom looking like a dog that just managed to get its owner to give it a thousand bones, also.† The first big obstacle came quick enough. My mom announced that I was going to play at her student’s recital, only a few months after I first got the piece. I nearly fainted after all the screaming, crying, yelling I did. â€Å"It would be a good experience and excellent practice for your competition† she said. â€Å"But I’m not ready!† I replied back trying to use imploring eyes to achieve a change of mind. â€Å"You are playing, and that’s final!† she answered. I knew there was absolutely no point in arguing anymore, and that all I could do was practice. Turns out, I was completely right about one fact: I was not ready for this recital at all. I messed up, and I didn’t mess up small, I messed up humongous, huge, extreme, terrifyingly big. As I disembarked from the stage, I could just see how much practicing I would have to do to prepare for my second obstacle: my piano teacher’s recital. Apparently, all the practicing I did before this next recital was not enough, because I managed to embarrass myself at my piano teacher’s recital also. My fate was inevitable, and I knew by then that I was going to be practicing like crazy now, if I didn’t before. I also knew how furious my mom was going to be at me. My prediction was completely correct, as I was told to practice so much that my fingers were about to fall off. To be exact, I practiced sixty times for each variation, and Abegg Variations has multiple variations. T hough it took more than 4 hours every day, I stayed persistent, and slowly and steadily I improved. As I was about to go into a room for the first round of the competition, all I could think was†¦ â€Å"What if I mess up, what if I mess up†¦ I’m going to mess up, I’m going to mess up, I’M GOING TO MESS UP!!! GAHH~~!!!† The door holder called out, â€Å"Anna Yang†, and it was my turn. I went in, and was surprised to find three judges, different from the previous year. My face literally turned as bright as the sun when I did not see the judge that absolutely detests my teacher, *a*c* *e*s*n (for privacy reasons, I will exclude her name from this essay). I turned as hyper as a kid could become, and I was about to scream from happiness right then. Every single time I am in a competition, and she’s a judge, she always marks me down. Luckily, she was not here this time, and instead, sitting in her place, was a nice, friendly looking old lady, a not very skinny lady who’s facial expressions seemed a bit like the evil stepmother from Cinderella, and a Jasmine look-a-like lady who’s only difference from Jasmine was that she looked like she was about to poison me with a poisonous apple. As I bowed to them, I became more relaxed at the smile of the nice, friendly looking old lady. Although I was still frightened at the prospect of messing up, I was shaking a considerably less amount than I was before. I made a mistake, but I was lucky. Right when I made the mistake, the nice, friendly looking judge dropped her cushion from her chair, and everyone rushed to help her pick it up. My mistake had gone by unnoticed by the crowd. By that time, I was so ecstatic that my smile was about to reach the sky. The results of the first round came out soon enough. As I went on the MTAC website on my phone, I could hear both my mom’s heartbeat, and also my heartbeat beating as fast as a hare would beat while being chased by a extremely furious tiger. The page finally finished loading, and I scrolled down to see: Grand Prize: Anna Yang. I celebrated for about 2 minutes thinking about how all that practice had actually been beneficial, and then I realized what that meant†¦ I was going to have to compete one more time, this time against the winner of the Southern California group. I scrolled down to see who exactly I had to compete against during the final, and I went ballistic when I saw. Sherry Tang was the winner of Southern California. I was going to play against THE Sherry Tang, the girl who was on From the Top and won against college kids. The girl who won a national competition. By that time, I was already dead cast against the fact that I would never win, but my mom calmed me down with her comforting words, telling me that I should not give up, even if there is almost no chance of winning. I did not give up. I continued playing and practicing every day, and I ended up not regretting it. A few months later, a judge called out Sherry’s name before they called my name. As I heard the words â€Å"1st place, Anna Yang†, I walked towards the auditorium stage. As I walked on stage, I did not cry. I could only smile. Who wouldn’t? Why would you be unhappy about the fact that you had just won one of the biggest competitions in California? Though I do not practice as much anymore, I still always have a certain self-confidence while playing piano. I also learned that as long as I put in effort and I have fun, the audience and judges will also have fun, and they will feel the effort I have put in. A Moment that Lasts Forever. (2016, Dec 13).

Vocational research paper on a career - lawyer Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vocational on a career - lawyer - Research Paper Example The certificate is called pre-law degree. The training is available at universities or law schools. An individual practicing to be a lawyer must pass through the Bar examination, ethics examination and graduate from a law school (The Lawyers Almanac 2011: The Leading Reference of Vital Facts and Figures about the Legal Profession 301). Education requirement for practicing lawyers is set by each school and normally the fees charged for the training ranges from & $150,000 to over $200, 000. In addition, the entry in the bar examination depends on each state’s bar association. The duration taken to study law differ in countries and law schools. An example is that, in the UK, it is: The LLB is 3 years, and the LLM is one year course. Conversely, in the US: A J.D. will take three years to complete after you have spent four years completing a bachelors degree (Walton 95). There are different kinds of lawyers amongst them judicial clerks being paid an average of $54,000, Prosecutors $35,000 to $90,000, public defender $35,000 to $57,000, and federal government lawyer $ 62, 467 as of 2012(The Authoritative Guide Careers for the Year 2000 and Beyond: Everything You Need to Know to Find the Right Career 118). Law as a profession also has various prominent personalities who act as a role model to aspiring lawyers to be. They are Nelson Mandela, Gandhi, Fidel Castro, Dick Button and Jeffrey Chodorow (Basu 192). Demand of people in the profession of law is rather disturbing since most law schools are producing an excess of graduates lawyers. These lawyers are not proportionated with the available employment opportunities available in the nation and the result is unemployment for most graduates lawyers and decreased pay as there are many lawyers available in the market (Occupational Outlook Handbook 256). In conclusion, law is a extremely essential profession since it is

The major challenges for China; Why the past successful export-led Essay

The major challenges for China; Why the past successful export-led growth model cannot continue; How the Chinese economy should be further reformed - Essay Example Despite all these down turns, there is hope for the resurgence of this economy; the Chinese government has re-embarked on strategic plans that would enable resurrection of its previously steadily growing economy. A country with settled political situations, democracy and that is well equipped in terms of technology has all the privileges to kick start the road to an impressive economy. The Chinese economy has been one of the most consistent and swiftly growing with a sustainability growth rate of 10% (Naughton, 2007). China has portrayed a dynamic and unrivaled density; however, it is still transforming from two transitions as first, it â€Å"is still completing its transition away from bureaucratic socialism and toward a market economy† (Naughton, 2007, p. 4). Naughton further explains the second transformation with which China is transforming, which is the fact that â€Å"China is in the middle of the industrialization process, the protracted transformation from a rural to an urban society† (2007, p. 4). These two transitions are still far from completion and therefore China still has challenges. The Chinese economy can now be compared to those of developing nations. While this economic similarity exists, so do the challenges. One of the crucial challenges that have been faced recently due to the transition is the shift from the socialist type economy to the market based economy. This challenge was however fixed but again, it led to the rise of another challenge related to development. According to Naughton, these challenges are â€Å"the need to invest in human skills and physical infrastructure, the need to create effective institutions, and the need to protect underprivileged and vulnerable sections of the population† (2007, p. 5). Although there are many positives related to the growth such as improved living standards, many Chinese have fallen in the hands of uncertainties marred with risks. Majority

Community Learning Disability Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Community Learning Disability Nursing - Essay Example This discussion highlights that aside from the physical and psychological punches are the psychosocial dilemmas of inequality in access not only to health care services but also in other resources. It then stipulates that learning disability nurses work to dismantle this barrier for the persons with learning disability to pass through to take up a gratifying life.This paper declares that  community nurses provide support on issues regarding their physical care needs, aging, and sexuality. Particularly the main responsibility of community learning disability nurse involves consultancy, assessment, treatment, training, care planning, health promotion, and promoting access to services. In addition to direct clinical and therapeutic role, nurses are involved with activities in delivering healthcare such as health promotion, health facilitation, teaching, and service development. It involves formulation and implementation of a written care plan, utilizing a structured approach with cont inuous evaluation and re-examination taking into consideration the collaboration with the family members and health team and the concept of person-centered planning.  As with any nursing health care delivery, utilization of a care plan is indispensable. Comprehensive assessment must be done in order to identify specific problems and sub-problems occurring which may not be ready recognized by the person with learning disability.... In addition Hall (2004) estimated it to be 25–30 per 1000 with mild and 3–4 per 1000 with severe learning disability in the UK. This number, though not alarming as it seem, deemed the necessity of learning disability nursing’s genesis in the clinical place and community. Gates and Barr (2009) provided a clear definition of learning disability nursing as they stated: â€Å"Learning disability nursing is a person-centered profession with the primary aim of supporting the well being and social inclusion of people with learning disabilities through improving or maintaining physical and mental health.† They comprehensively delineated the purpose of this profession to include the assessment of the health care needs of this population in order to aid them on their optimum level of independence. This task is achieved by the nurse by enhancing skills and competence required to meet the evolving needs of these people from birth to death and through collaboration wit h other agencies and associates. This branch of nursing does not focus only on clinical manifestations of physical health nor specific on mental health, but rather encompass the total well-being of a person in all aspects – physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and emotional (Gates and Barr 2009). Department of Health (2007) in UK reported that the incidence of wide range physical and mental health conditions among people with learning disabilities ceaselessly escalated. These are true to those in the population requiring special attention from biomedicine. Aside from the physical and psychological punches are the psychosocial dilemmas of inequality in access not